SOLAR SYSTEM FACT SHEET (Revised 2011 JUN 15) DATA PROVIDED BY: NASA Solar System Ambassador program NASA Ames Research Center NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Hubble Space Telescope Science Institute Brian Marsden & Gareth Williams, International Astronomical Union Royal Astronomical Society of Canada Hansen Planetarium Education Department University of Hawaii MERCURY VENUS EARTH MOON MARS JUPITER SATURN URANUS NEPTUNE SUN Average Kilometers 57.91 108.21 149.60 .3844 227.94 778.30 1,429.39 2,875.04 4,504.55 39.95 trillion Distance (in from to nearest From millions) Earth star Sun Light 3m13s 6m1s 8m19s 1.3s 12m40s 43m16s 1h19m28s 2h39m50s 4h10m25s 4.22y Travel from to nearest Time Earth star Astronomical 0.3871 0.7233 1.0000 0.0026 1.5237 5.203 9.555 19.218 30.110 267,032 Units from to nearest Earth star ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Length Period 87.969d 224.701d 365.256d 27.32d 1.8808y 11.862y 29.457y 84.020y 164.770y 226 million y Of Of to orbit to orbit Year Orbit Earth galaxy ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Length of Period of 58d15h31m 243d0h26mR 23h56m04s 27d07h43m 24h37m23s 9h55m30s 10h39m22s 17h14m24sR 16h6m36s Stellar Day Rotation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Avg. Length Period of 175d22h30m 116d18h01m 24h00m00s 29d12h44m 24h39m35s 9h55m33s 10h39m24s 17h14m00s 16h07m00s 25d equator Solar Day Rotation 35d poles ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Average Kilometers 47.87 35.02 29.79 1.023 24.13 13.06 9.66 6.81 5.44 217.35 around Orbital per second galaxy center Velocity Kilometers 172,339 126,074 107,225 3,683 86,865 47,029 34,781 24,527 19,595 782,460 around per hour galaxy center ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Equatorial Kilometers 4,879.4 12,103.6 12,756.28 3,474.8 6,792 142,984** 120,536** 51,118** 49,528** 1,392,000 Diameter Sun = 1 0.0035 0.0087 0.0092 0.0025 0.0049 0.1027** 0.0866** 0.0367** 0.0356** 1.0 Earth = 1 0.383 0.949 1.0 0.2724 0.532 11.209** 9.449** 4.007** 3.883** 109 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mass Earth = 1 0.0553 0.8150 1.0 0.0123 0.1074 317.83 95.159 14.500 17.204 332,946 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Volume Earth = 1 0.0562 0.857 1.0 0.0203 0.151 1,321.35 763.59 63.09 57.72 1,300,000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mean Grams / cc 5.43 5.24 5.515 3.34 3.94 1.33 0.70 1.30 1.76 1.41 Density Water = 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Surface Earth = 1 0.378 0.905 1.0 0.166 0.379 2.53 1.07 0.903 1.14 27.96 Gravity ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Escape Kilometers 4.25 10.36 11.18 2.38 5.02 59.5 35.5 21.3 23.5 617.5 Velocity per second Kilometers 15,300 37,303 40,249 8,553 18,081 214,300 127,700 76,600 84,700 2,223,000 per hour ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Temperature High C 425 462 58 127 17 20,000* 12,000* 6,000* 6,000* 15,000,000* Extreme High K 698 735 331 400 290 20,000* 12,000* 6,000* 6,000* 15,000,000* Low C -173 462 -88 -173 -143 438** 407** 346** 347** 4,000** Low K 100 735 185 100 130 711** 680** 619** 620** 4,000** ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Atmosphere Principal O2 Na CO2 N2 None CO2 N2 H2 H2 H2 He H2 He H2 He Gases H2 He N2 O2 Known Ar He He CH4 CH4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eccentricity Circular 0.2056 0.0068 0.0167 0.0549 0.0934 0.0485 0.0555 0.0464 0.0095 of Orbit Orbit = 0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Inclination To Planet's 0.01 177.36 23.44 6.68 25.19 3.13 26.73 97.77 28.32 7.25 of Orbit Plane Sun equator Equator (degrees) to ecliptic ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Inclination To 7.0 3.4 0.0 5.1 1.8 1.3 2.5 0.8 1.8 of Ecliptic To Earth's Orbit Orbit Plane ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Albedo 0.11 0.65 0.37 0.12 0.15 0.52 0.47 0.40 0.35 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oblateness Spherical 0.0 0.0 0.003354 0.0 0.005889 0.06487 0.0980 0.02293 0.01708 0 of Planet Planet = 0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Natural 0 0 1 0 2 65 plus 62 plus 27 plus 13 plus 8 planets Satellites rings rings rings rings (More satellite data below) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pole Stars Mercury: In Draco, nearest bright star is omicron Draconis Venus: In Draco, close to the ecliptic pole, nearest bright star is delta Draconis (brightest star in the head of Draco) Earth: Polaris Mars: In Cygnus, nearest bright star is Deneb several degrees away Jupiter: In Draco, close to the ecliptic pole, nearest bright star is zeta Draconis Saturn: In Cepheus, nearest bright star is Polaris Uranus: In Ophiuchus, close to eta Oph, the left-side (our left) bright star at the base of Ophiuchus where Serpens Cauda peels off Neptune: In Cygnus, about midway between gamma and delta, the center and left stars of the cross-piece ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Natural satellite data Name Size Distance From planet Earth (1): Moon 3,476 384,400 Mars (2): Phobos 22 9,377 Deimos 13 23,460 Jupiter (65): Metis (XVI, S/1979 J3) 60 127,700 Adrastea (XV, S/1979 J1) 20 128,700 Amalthea (V) 250 181,200 Thebe (XIV, S/1979 J2) 116 221,700 Io (I) 3,660 421,700 Europa (II) 3,122 671,000 Ganymede (III) 5,262 1,070,400 Callisto (IV) 4,821 1,882,700 Themisto (XVIII, S/1975 J1) 8 7,393,200 Leda (XIII) 16 11,187,800 Himalia (VI) 170 11,452,000 Lysithea (X) 36 11,740,600 Elara (VII) 86 11,778,000 S/2000 J11 4 12,570,400 Carpo (LVI, S/2003 J20) 3 17,144,900 S/2003 J12 1 17,739,500 Euporie (XXXIV), S/2001 J7) 2 19,088,400 S/2003 J3 2 19,621,800 S/2003 J18 2 19,812,600 S/2010 J2 1 20,307,200 Thelxinoe (LII, S/2003 J22) 2 20,453,800 Euanthe (XXXIII, S/2001 J7) 3 20,464,900 Helike (XLV, S/2003 J6) 4 20,540,300 Orthosie (XXXV, S/2001 J9) 2 20,568,000 Iocaste (XXIV, S/2000 J3) 5 20,722,600 S/2003 J16 2 20,743,800 Praxidike (XXVII, S/2000 J7) 7 20,824,000 Harpalyke (XXII, S/2000 J5) 4 21,063,800 Mneme (XL, S/2003 J21) 2 21,129,800 Hermippe (XXX, S/2001 J3) 4 21,182,100 Thyone (XXIX, S/2001 J2) 4 21,405,600 Ananke (XII) 28 21,455,000 Herse (L, S/2003 J17) 2 22,134,300 Aitne (XXXI, S/2001 J11) 3 22.285,200 Kale (XXXVII, S/2001 J8) 2 22,409,200 Taygete (XX, S/2000 J9) 5 22,438,700 S/2003 J19 2 22,709,000 Chaldene (XXI, S/2000 J10) 4 22,713,400 S/2003 J15 2 22,721,000 S/2003 J10 2 22,730,800 S/2003 J23 2 22,739,700 Erinome (XXV, S/2000 J4) 3 22,986,300 Aoede (XLI, S/2003 J7) 4 23,044,200 Kallichore (XLIV, S/2003 J11) 2 23,111,800 Kalyke (XXIII, S/2000 J2) 5 23,180,800 Carme (XI) 46 23,198,000 Callirrhoe (XVII, S/1999 J1) 9 23,215,000 Eurydome (XXXII, S/2001 J4) 3 23,230,900 Pasithee (XXXVIII, S/2001 J6) 2 23,307,300 S/2010 J1 1 23,314,300 Kore (S/2003 J14) 2 23,345,100 Cyllene (XLVIII, S/2003 J13) 2 23,396,300 Eukelade (XLVII, S/2003 J1) 4 23,483,700 S/2003 J4 2 23,570,800 Pasiphae (VIII) 60 23,609,000 Hegemone (XXXIX, S/2003 J8) 3 23,702,500 Arche (XLIII, S/2002 J1) 3 23,717,100 Isonoe (XXVI, S/2000 J6) 4 23,800,600 S/2003 J9 1 23,857,800 S/2003 J5 4 23,974,000 Sinope (IX) 38 24,057,900 Sponde (XXXVI, S/2001 J5) 2 24,252,600 Autonoe (XXVIII, S/2001 J1) 4 24,264,400 Megaclite (XIX, S/2000 J8) 5 24,687,200 S/2003 J2 2 30,290,800 Saturn (62): S/2009 S1 ~.3 117,000 Pan (XVIII, S/1981 S 13) 30 133,600 Daphnis (XXXV S/2005 S 1) 7 136,500 Atlas (XV, S/1980 S 28) 31 137,700 Prometheus (XVI, S/1980 S 27) 86 139,400 Pandora (XVII, S/1980 S 26) 81 141,700 Epimetheus (XI, S/1980 S 3) 113 151,400 Janus (X, S/1980 S 1) 179 151,500 Aegaeon (S/2008S1) ~.5 167,500 Mimas (I) 397 185,400 Methone (XXXII, S/2004 S 1) 3 194,400 Anthe (S/2007 S4) ~2 197,700 Pallene (XXXIII) 4 212,300 Enceladus (II) 504 238,000 Telesto (XIII, S/1980 S 13) 24 294,600 Tethys (III) 1,066 294,600 Calypso (XIV, S/1980 S 25) 21 294,600 Dione (IV) 1,123 377,400 Helene (XII, S/1980 S 6) 33 377,400 Polydeuces (XXXIV, S/2004 S 5) 3 377,400 Rhea (V) 1,529 527,100 Titan (VI) 5,151 1,222,000 Hyperion (VII) 266 1,481,000 Iapetus (VIII) 1,472 3,560,800 Kiviuq (XXIV, S/2000 S 5) ~16 11,294,800 Ijiraq (XXII, S/2000 S 6) ~12 11,355,300 Phoebe (IX) 214 12,869,700 Paaliaq (XX, S/2000 S 2) ~22 15,103,400 Skathi (XXVII, S/2000 S 8) ~8 15,672,500 Albiorix (XXVI, S/2000 S 11) ~32 16,266,700 S/2007 S2 ~6 16,560,000 Bebhionn (S/2004 S 11) ~6 17,153,500 Erriapo (XXVIII, S/2000 S 10) ~10 17,236,900 Skoll (S/2006 S 8) ~6 17,473,800 Siarnaq (XXIX, S/2000 S 3) ~40 17,776,600 Tarqeq (LII, S/2007 S1) ~7 17,910,600 S/2004 S 13 ~6 18,056,300 Greip (LI, S/2006 S4) ~6 18,065,700 Hyrokkin (S/2004 S 19) ~8 18,168,300 Jarnsaxa (L, S/2006 S6) ~6 18,556,900 Tarvos (XXI, S/2000 S 4) ~15 18,562,800 Mundilfari (XXV, S/2000 S 9) ~7 18,725,800 S/2006 S 1 ~6 18,930,200 S/2004 S 17 ~4 19,099,200 Bergelmir (S/2004 S 15) ~6 19,104,000 Narvi (XXXI, S/2003 S 1) ~7 19,395,200 Suttungr (XXIII, S/2000 S 12) ~7 19,579,000 Hati (S/2004 S 14) ~6 19,709,300 S/2004 S 12 ~5 19,905,900 Farbauti (S/2004 S 9) ~5 19,984,800 Thrymr (XXX, S/2000 S 7) ~7 20,278,100 Aegir (S/2004 S 10) ~6 20,482,900 S/2007 3 ~5 20,518,500 Bestla (S/2004 S 18) ~7 20,570,000 S/2004 S 7 ~6 20,576,700 S/2006 S 3 ~6 21,076,300 Fenrir (S/2004 S 16) ~4 21,930,600 Surtur (S/2006 S 7) ~6 22,288,900 Kari (S/2006 S 2) ~7 22,321,200 Ymir (XIX, S/2000 S 1) ~18 22,429,700 Loge (S/2006 S 5) ~6 22,984,300 Fornjot (S/2004 S 8) ~6 22,504,900 Uranus (27): Cordelia (VI, S/1986 U7) 40 49,800 Ophelia (VII, S/1986 U8) 42 53,800 Bianca (VIII, S/1986 U9) 51 59,200 Cressida (IX, S/1986 U3) 80 61,800 Desdemona (X, S/1986 U6) 64 62,700 Juliet (XI, S/1986 U2) 93 64,400 Portia (XII, S/1986 U1) 135 66,100 Rosalind (XIII, S/1986 U4) 72 69,900 Cupid (XXVII, S/2003 U2) ~18 74,800 Belinda (XIV, S/1986 U5) 90 75,300 Perdita (XXV, S/1986 U10) 30 76,400 Puck (XV, S/1985 U1) 162 86,000 Mab (XXVI, S/2003 U1) ~25 97,700 Miranda (V) 471 129,400 Ariel (I) 1,158 191,000 Umbriel (II) 1,169 266,300 Titania (III) 1,578 435,900 Oberon (IV) 1,522 583,500 Francisco (XXII, S/2001 U3) ~22 4,276,000 Caliban (XVI, S/1997 U1) ~72 7,231,000 Stephano (XX, S/1999 U2) ~32 8,004,000 Trinculo (XXI, S/2001 U1) ~18 8,504,000 Sycorax (XVII, S/1997 U2) ~150 12,179,000 Margaret (XXIII, S/2003 U3) ~20 14,345,000 Prospero (XVIII, S/1999 U3) ~50 16,256,000 Setebos (XIX, S/1999 U1) ~48 17,418,000 Ferdinand (XXIV, S/2001 U2) ~20 20,901,000 Neptune (13): Naiad (III, 1989 N6) 67 48,200 Thalassa (IV, S/1989 N5) 83 50,100 Despina (V, S/1989 N3) 152 52,500 Galatea (VI, S/1989 N4) 175 62,000 Larissa (VII, S/1989 N2) 195 73,500 Proteus (VIII, S/1989 N1) 418 117,600 Triton (I) 2,707 354,800 Nereid (II) 340 5,513,800 Halimede (S/2002 N1) 62 16,611,000 Sao (S/2002 N2) 44 22,228,000 Laomedeia (S/2002 N3) 42 23,567,000 Psamathe (X, S/2003 N1) 38 48,096,000 Neso (S/2002 N4) 60 49,285,000 LEGEND y = years, d = days, h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds R = Retrograde days * = Core ** = At 1 atmosphere (altitude where barometric pressure equals Earth's sea level pressure)